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Context. In the Milky Way, most globular clusters are highly conspicuousobjects that were found centuries ago. However, a few dozen of them are faint,sparsely populated systems that were identified largely during the second halfof the past century. One of the faintest is ESO 37-1 (E 3) and as such itremains poorly studied, with no spectroscopic observations published so far,although it was discovered in 1976.  Aims. We investigate the globular cluster E 3 in an attempt to betterconstrain its fundamental parameters. Spectroscopy of stars in the field of E 3is shown here for the first time.  Methods. Deep, precise VI CCD photometry of E 3 down to V=26 mag is presentedand analysed. Low-resolution, medium signal-to-noise ratio spectra of ninecandidate members are studied to derive radial velocity and metallicity. Propermotions from the UCAC4 catalogue are used to explore the kinematics of thebright members of E 3.  Results. Isochrone fitting indicates that E 3 is probably very old, with anage of about 13 Gyr; its distance from the Sun is nearly 10 kpc. It is alsosomewhat metal rich with [Fe/H]=-0.7. Regarding its kinematics, our tentativeestimate for the proper motions is (-7.0+/-0.8, 3.5+/-0.3) mas/yr (or atangential velocity of 382+/-79 km/s) and for the radial velocity is 45+/-5km/s, in the solar rest frame.  Conclusions. E 3 is one of the most intriguing globular clusters in theGalaxy. Having an old age and being metal rich is clearly a peculiarcombination, only seen in a handful of objects like the far more conspicuousNGC 104 (47 Tucanae). In addition, its low luminosity and sparse populationmake it a unique template for the study of the final evolutionary phases in thelife of a star cluster. Unfortunately, E 3 is among the most elusive andchallenging known globular clusters because field contamination severelyhampers spectroscopic studies.

Ghosts of Milky Way's past: the globular cluster ESO 37-1 (E 3)