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By looking at the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ) in Planck nominalmission data, we present a significant detection of baryons participating inlarge-scale bulk flows around central galaxies (CGs) at redshift $z\approx0.1$. We estimate the pairwise momentum of the kSZ temperature fluctuations atthe positions of the CGC (Central Galaxy Catalogue) samples extracted fromSloan Digital Sky Survey (DR7) data. For the foreground-cleaned maps, we find$1.8$-$2.5\sigma$ detections of the kSZ signal, which are consistent with thekSZ evidence found in individual Planck raw frequency maps, although lower thanfound in the WMAP-9yr W band ($3.3\sigma$). We further reconstruct the peculiarvelocity field from the CG density field, and compute for the first time thecross-correlation function between kSZ temperature fluctuations and estimatesof CG radial peculiar velocities. This correlation function yields a$3.0$-$3.7$$\sigma$ detection of the peculiar motion of extended gas on Mpcscales, in flows correlated up to distances of 80-100 $h^{-1}$ Mpc. Both thepairwise momentum estimates and kSZ temperature-velocity field correlation findevidence for kSZ signatures out to apertures of 8 arcmin and beyond,corresponding to a physical radius of $> 1$ Mpc, more than twice the meanvirial radius of halos. This is consistent with the predictions from hydrosimulations that most of the baryons are outside the virialized halos. We fit asimple model, in which the temperature-velocity cross-correlation isproportional to the signal seen in a semi-analytic model built upon N-bodysimulations, and interpret the proportionality constant as an "effective"optical depth to Thomson scattering. We find $\tau_T=(1.4\pm0.5)\times10^{-4}$; the simplest interpretation of this measurement is that much of thegas is in a diffuse phase, which contributes little signal to X-ray or thermalSZ observations.

Planck intermediate results. XXXVII. Evidence of unbound gas from the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect