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The Andromeda Galaxy recurrent nova M31N 2008-12a had been caught in eruptioneight times. The inter-eruption period of M31N 2008-12a is ~1 year, making itthe most rapidly recurring system known, and a strong single-degenerate Type IaSupernova progenitor candidate. Following the 2013 eruption, a campaign wasinitiated to detect the predicted 2014 eruption and to then perform highcadence optical photometric and spectroscopic monitoring using ground-basedtelescopes, along with rapid UV and X-ray follow-up with the Swift satellite.Here we report the results of a high cadence multicolour optical monitoringcampaign, the spectroscopic evolution, and the UV photometry. We also discusstantalising evidence of a potentially related, vastly-extended, nebulosity. The2014 eruption was discovered, before optical maximum, on October 2, 2014. Wefind that the optical properties of M31N 2008-12a evolve faster than allGalactic recurrent novae known, and all its eruptions show remarkablesimilarity both photometrically and spectroscopically. Optical spectra wereobtained as early as 0.26 days post maximum, and again confirm the nova natureof the eruption. A significant deceleration of the inferred ejecta expansionvelocity is observed which may be caused by interaction of the ejecta withsurrounding material, possibly a red giant wind. We find a low ejected mass andlow ejection velocity, which are consistent with high mass-accretion rate, highmass white dwarf, and short recurrence time models of novae. We encourageadditional observations, especially around the predicted time of the nexteruption, towards the end of 2015.

A remarkable recurrent nova in M31: Discovery and optical/UV observations of the predicted 2014 eruption