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A recent revision of black hole scaling relations (Kormendy & Ho 2013),indicates that the local mass density in black holes should be increased by upto a factor of five with respect to previously determined values. The localblack hole mass density is connected to the mean radiative efficiency ofaccretion through the time integral of the AGN volume density and a significantincrease of the local black holes mass density would have interestingconsequences on AGN accretion properties and demography. One possibility toexplain a large black hole mass density is that most of the Black Hole growthis via radiatively inefficient channels such as super Eddington accretion,however, given the intrinsic degeneracies in the Soltan argument, this solutionis not unique. Here we show how it is possible to accommodate a larger fractionof heavily buried, Compton thick AGN, without violating the limit imposed bythe hard X-ray and mid-infrared backgrounds spectral energy density.

Mass without radiation: heavily obscured AGN, the X-ray Background and the Black Hole Mass Density