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Far-infrared Herschel PACS imaging and spectroscopic observations of thenebula around the luminous blue variable (LBV) star AG Car have been obtainedalong with optical imaging in the Halpha+[NII] filter. In the infrared light,the nebula appears as a clumpy ring shell that extends up to 1.2 pc with aninner radius of 0.4 pc. It coincides with the Halpha nebula, but extendsfurther out. Dust modeling of the nebula was performed and indicates thepresence of large grains. The dust mass is estimated to be ~ 0.2 Msun. Theinfrared spectrum of the nebula consists of forbidden emission lines over adust continuum. Apart from ionized gas, these lines also indicate the existenceof neutral gas in a photodissociation region that surrounds the ionized region.The abundance ratios point towards enrichment by processed material. The totalmass of the nebula ejected from the central star amounts to ~ 15 Msun, assuminga dust-to-gas ratio typical of LBVs. The abundances and the mass-loss rate wereused to constrain the evolutionary path of the central star and the epoch atwhich the nebula was ejected, with the help of available evolutionary models.This suggests an ejection during a cool LBV phase for a star of ~ 55 Msun withlittle rotation.

The Herschel view of the nebula around the luminous blue variable star AG Carinae