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Aims. We present a method, named photo-type, to identify and accuratelyclassify L and T dwarfs onto the standard spectral classification system usingphotometry alone. This enables the creation of large and deep homogeneoussamples of these objects efficiently, without the need for spectroscopy.Methods. We created a catalogue of point sources with photometry in 8 bands,ranging from 0.75 to 4.6 microns, selected from an area of 3344 deg^2, bycombining SDSS, UKIDSS LAS, and WISE data. Sources with 13.0 < J < 17.5, and Y- J > 0.8, were then classified by comparison against template colours ofquasars, stars, and brown dwarfs. The L and T templates, spectral types L0 toT8, were created by identifying previously known sources with spectroscopicclassifications, and fitting polynomial relations between colour and spectraltype. Results. Of the 192 known L and T dwarfs with reliable photometry in thesurveyed area and magnitude range, 189 are recovered by our selection andclassification method. We have quantified the accuracy of the classificationmethod both externally, with spectroscopy, and internally, by creatingsynthetic catalogues and accounting for the uncertainties. We find that,brighter than J = 17.5, photo-type classifications are accurate to one spectralsub-type, and are therefore competitive with spectroscopic classifications. Theresultant catalogue of 1157 L and T dwarfs will be presented in a companionpaper.

Photometric brown-dwarf classification. I. A method to identify and accurately classify large samples of brown dwarfs without spectroscopy