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Clouds have an important role in the atmospheres of planetary bodies. It isexpected that, like all the planetary bodies in our solar system, exoplanetatmospheres will also have substantial cloud coverage, and evidence is mountingfor clouds in a number of hot Jupiters. In order to better characteriseplanetary atmospheres we need to consider the effects these clouds will have onthe observed broadband transmission spectra. Here we examine the expected cloudcondensate species for hot Jupiter exoplanets and the effects of various grainsizes and distributions on the resultant transmission spectra from the opticalto infrared, which can be used as a broad framework when interpreting exoplanetspectra. We note that significant infrared absorption features appear in thecomputed transmission spectrum, the result of vibrational modes between the keyspecies in each condensate, which can potentially be very constraining. Whileit may be hard to differentiate between individual condensates in the broadtransmission spectra, it may be possible to discern different vibrationalbonds, which can distinguish between cloud formation scenarios such ascondensate clouds or photochemically generated species. Vibrational modefeatures are shown to be prominent when the clouds are composed of smallsub-micron sized particles and can be associated with an accompanying opticalscattering slope. These infrared features have potential implications forfuture exoplanetary atmosphere studies conducted with JWST, where suchvibrational modes distinguishing condensate species can be probed at longerwavelengths.

Transmission spectral properties of clouds for hot Jupiter exoplanets