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We present a detailed study of the stars of the IRTF spectral library tounderstand its full extent and reliability for use with Stellar Population (SP)modeling. The library consist of 210 stars, with a total of 292 spectra,covering the wavelength range of 0.94 to 2.41 micron at a resolution R = 2000.For every star we infer the effective temperature (Teff), gravity (logg) andmetallicity ([Z/Zsun]) using a full-spectrum fitting approach in a section ofthe K band (2.19 to 2.34 micron) and temperature-NIR colour relations. We testthe flux calibration of these stars by calculating their integrated colours andcomparing them with the Pickles library colour-temperature relations. We alsoinvestigate the NIR colours as a function of the calculated effectivetemperature and compared them in colour-colour diagrams with the Pickleslibrary. This latter test shows a good broad-band flux calibration, importantfor the SP models. Finally, we measure the resolution R as a function ofwavelength. We find that the resolution increases as a function of lambda fromabout 6 angstrom in J to 10 angstrom in the red part of the K-band. With thesetests we establish that the IRTF library, the largest currently availablegeneral library of stars at intermediate resolution in the NIR, is an excellentcandidate to be used in stellar population models. We present these models inthe next paper of this series.

Single Stellar Populations in the Near-Infrared - I. Preparation of the IRTF spectral stellar library