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We present the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS), a spectroscopic redshiftsurvey of ~10.000 very faint galaxies to study the major phase of galaxyassembly 2<z<~6. The survey covers 1 deg^2 in 3 separate fields: COSMOS, ECDFSand VVDS-02h, with targets selection based on an inclusive combination ofphotometric redshifts and color properties. Spectra covering 3650<lambda<9350 Aare obtained with VIMOS on the ESO-VLT with integration times of 14h. Here wepresent the survey strategy, the target selection, the data processing, as wellas the redshift measurement process, emphasizing the specific methods adaptedto this high redshift range. The spectra quality and redshift reliability arediscussed, and we derive a completeness in redshift measurement of 91%, or 74%for the most reliable measurements, down to i_AB=25, and measurements areperformed all the way down to i_AB=27. The redshift distribution of the mainsample peaks at z=3-4 and extends over a large redshift range mainly in 2 < z <6. At 3<z<5, the galaxies cover a large range of luminosities -23< M_U < -20.5,stellar mass 10^9 M_sun< M_star < 10^{11} M_sun, and star formation rates 1M_sun/yr< SFR < 10^3 M_sun/yr. We discuss the spectral properties of galaxiesusing individual as well as stacked spectra. The comparison betweenspectroscopic and photometric redshifts as well as color selection demonstratethe effectiveness of our selection scheme. With ~6000 galaxies with reliablespectroscopic redshifts in 2<z<6 expected when complete, this survey is thelargest at these redshifts and offers the opportunity for unprecedented studiesof the star-forming galaxy population and its distribution in large scalestructures during the major phase of galaxy assembly.

The VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey: ~10,000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts to study galaxy assembly at early epochs 2