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We present RESOLVE, a new algorithm for radio aperture synthesis imaging ofextended and diffuse emission in total intensity. The algorithm is derivedusing Bayesian statistical inference techniques, estimating the surfacebrightness in the sky assuming a priori log-normal statistics. RESOLVE not onlyestimates the measured sky brightness in total intensity, but also its spatialcorrelation structure, which is used to guide the algorithm to an optimalreconstruction of extended and diffuse sources. For a radio interferometer, itsucceeds in deconvolving the effects of the instrumental point spread functionduring this process. Additionally, RESOLVE provides a map with an uncertaintyestimate of the reconstructed surface brightness. Furthermore, with RESOLVE weintroduce a new, optimal visibility weighting scheme that can be viewed as anextension to robust weighting. In tests using simulated observations, thealgorithm shows improved performance against two standard imaging approachesfor extended sources, Multiscale-CLEAN and the Maximum Entropy Method.

RESOLVE: A new algorithm for aperture synthesis imaging of extended emission in radio astronomy