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We report the discovery of a massive and dense transiting planet CoRoT-27b ona 3.58 day orbit around a 4.2 Gyr-old G2 star. The planet candidate wasidentified from the CoRoT photometry, and was confirmed as a planet withground-based spectroscopy.  The confirmation of the planet candidate is based on radial velocityobservations combined with imaging to rule out blends. The characterisation ofthe planet and its host star is carried out using a Bayesian approach where allthe data (CoRoT photometry, radial velocities, and spectroscopiccharacterisation of the star) are used jointly. The Bayesian analysis includesa study whether the assumption of white normally distributed noise holds forthe CoRoT photometry, and whether the use of a non-normal noise distributionoffers advantages in parameter estimation and model selection.  CoRoT-27b has a mass of $10.39 \pm 0.55$ $\mathrm{M}_{\rm Jup}$, a radius of$1.01 \pm 0.04$ $\mathrm{R}_{\rm Jup}$, a mean density of$12.6_{-1.67}^{+1.92}$ $\mathrm{g\,cm^{-3}}$, and an effective temperature of$1500 \pm 130$ K. The planet orbits around its host star, a 4.2 Gyr-old G2-starwith a mass $M_{\star}=1.06$ $M_{\odot}$, and a radius $R_{\star}=1.05$$R_{\odot}$, on a $0.048 \pm 0.007$ AU orbit every 3.58 days. The radialvelocity observations allow us to exclude highly eccentric orbits, namely,$e<0.065$ with a 99% confidence. Given its high mass and density, theoreticalmodelling of CoRoT-27b is demanding. We identify two solutions with heavyelement mass fractions of $0.11\pm0.08$ $\mathrm{M_{\oplus}}$ and $0.07\pm0.06$$\mathrm{M_{\oplus}}$, but even solutions void of heavy elements cannot beexcluded.  We carry out a secondary eclipse search from the CoRoT photometry using amethod based on Bayesian model selection, but conclude that the noise level istoo high to detect eclipses shallower than 9% of the transit depth.

Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission XXV. CoRoT-27b: a massive and dense planet on a short-period orbit