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Aims: We aim to extend our current observational understanding of theintegrated planet Earth spectropolarimetry from the optical to thenear-infrared wavelengths. Major biomarkers like O$_{\rm 2}$ and water vaporare strong flux absorbents in the Earth atmosphere and some linear polarizationof the reflected stellar light is expected to occur at these wavelengths.  Methods: Simultaneous optical ($0.4-0.9$ $\mu$m) and near-infrared ($0.9-2.3$$\mu$m) linear spectropolarimetric data of the earthshine were acquired byobserving the nightside of the waxing Moon. The data have sufficient spectralresolution (2.51 nm in the optical, and 1.83 and 2.91 nm in the near-infrared)to resolve major molecular species present in the Earth atmosphere.  Results: We find the highest values of linear polarization ($\ge 10\%$) atthe bluest wavelengths, which agrees with the literature. Linear polarizationintensity steadily decreases towards red wavelengths reaching a nearly flatvalue beyond $\sim$0.8 $\mu$m. In the near-infrared, we measured a polarizationdegree of $\sim4.5 \%$ for the continuum. We report the detection of molecularfeatures due to O$_{2}$ at $0.760, 1.25 \mu$m and H$_{2}$O at 0.653$-$0.725$\mu$m, 0.780$-$0.825 $\mu$m, 0.93 and 1.12 $\mu$m in the spectropolarimetricdata; most of them show high linear polarimetry degrees above the continuum. Inparticular, the broad H$_{2}$O 1.12 $\mu$m band displays a polarimetricintensity as high as that of the blue optical. These features may become apowerful tool to characterize Earth-like planets in polarized light.

Simultaneous optical and near-infrared linear spectropolarimetry of the earthshine