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ABRIDGED: METHODS: We have conducted a high-resolution spectroscopic study of714 F and G dwarf and subgiant stars in the Solar neighbourhood. The starsample has been kinematically selected to trace the Galactic thin and thickdisks to their extremes The determination of stellar parameters andelemental abundances is based on a standard 1-D LTE analysis using equivalentwidth measurements in high-resolution (R=40000-110000) and high signal-to-noise(S/N=150-300) spectra obtained with RESULTS: .... Our data show that thereis an old and alpha-enhanced disk population, and a younger and lessalpha-enhanced disk population. While they overlap greatly in metallicitybetween -0.7<[Fe/H]<+0.1, they show a bimodal distribution in [alpha/Fe]. Thisbimodality becomes even clearer if stars where stellar parameters andabundances show larger uncertainties (Teff<5400 K) are discarded, showing thatit is important to constrain the data set to a narrow range in the stellarparameters if small differences between stellar populations are to be revealed.We furthermore find that the alpha-enhanced population has orbital parametersplacing the stellar birthplaces in the inner Galactic disk while the low-alphastars mainly come from the outer Galactic disk We furthermore havediscovered that a standard 1-D, LTE analysis, utilising ionisation andexcitation balance of Fe I and Fe II lines produces a flat lower main sequence.As the exact cause for this effect is unclear we chose to apply an empiricalcorrection. Turn-off, and more evolved, stars, appears to be un-affected.

Exploring the Milky Way stellar disk. A detailed elemental abundance study of 714 F and G dwarf stars in the Solar neighbourhood