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We study the properties of massive, galactic-scale outflows of molecular gasand investigate their impact on galaxy evolution. We present new IRAM PdBICO(1-0) observations of local ULIRGs and QSO hosts: clear signature of massiveand energetic molecular outflows, extending on kpc scales, is found in theCO(1-0) kinematics of four out of seven sources, with measured outflow rates ofseveral 100 Msun/yr. We combine these new observations with data from theliterature, and explore the nature and origin of massive molecular outflowswithin an extended sample of 19 local galaxies. We find thatstarburst-dominated galaxies have an outflow rate comparable to their SFR, oreven higher by a factor of ~ 2-4, implying that starbursts can indeed beeffective in removing cold gas from galaxies. Nevertheless, our results suggestthat the presence of an AGN can boost the outflow rate by a large factor, whichis found to increase with the L_AGN/L_bol ratio. The gas depletion time-scalesdue to molecular outflows are anti-correlated with the presence and luminosityof an AGN in these galaxies, and range from a few hundred million years instarburst galaxies, down to just a few million years in galaxies hostingpowerful AGNs. In quasar hosts the depletion time-scales due to the outflow aremuch shorter than the depletion time-scales due to star formation. We estimatethe outflow kinetic power and find that, for galaxies hosting powerful AGNs, itcorresponds to about 5% of the AGN luminosity, as expected by models of AGNfeedback. Moreover, we find that momentum rates of about 20 L_AGN/c are commonamong the AGN-dominated sources in our sample. For "pure" starburst galaxiesour data tentatively support models in which outflows are mostlymomentum-driven by the radiation pressure from young stars onto dusty clouds.

Massive Molecular Outflows and Evidence for AGN Feedback from CO Observations