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We compile the first comprehensive census of hot luminous stars in the 30Doradus (30 Dor) star forming region of the LMC. The census extends to a radiusof 10arcmin (150pc) from the central cluster, R136. Stars were selectedphotometrically and combined with the latest spectral types. 1145 candidate hotluminous stars were identified of which >700 were considered genuine early typestars that contribute to feedback. We assess the spectroscopic completeness tobe 85% in outer regions (>5pc) but fall to 35% in the vicinity of R136, givinga total of 500 hot luminous stars with spectroscopy. Stellar calibrations andmodels were used to obtain their physical parameters before integrated valueswere compared to global observations and the population synthesis code,Starburst99. The 31 W-R and Of/WN stars made large contributions to the totalionising and wind luminosities of ~40% and ~50%, respectively. Stars withMinit>100Msun also showed high contributions to the global feedback, ~25% inboth cases. Such massive stars are not accounted for by the current Starburst99code, which underestimated the ionising and wind luminosities of R136 byfactors of ~2 and ~9, respectively. The census inferred a SFR of0.073+/-0.04Msun/yr for 30 Dor, typically higher than results from popular SFRcalibrations. However, it remained consistent with a far-UV luminosity tracerand a combined Halpha and mid-infrared tracer, but only after correcting forHalpha extinction. The global ionising output exceeded measurements from theassociated gas and dust, suggesting ~6(+55/-6)% of ionising photons escape theregion. When studying very luminous star forming regions, it is thereforeessential to include the most massive stars to ensure a reliable energy budget.If 30 Dor is typical of other large star forming regions, estimates of the SFRwill be underpredicted if this escape fraction is not accounted for.(abridged)

The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey - XI. A census of the hot luminous stars and their feedback in 30 Doradus