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Context. Hydrogenated amorphous carbons, a-C:H, can incorporate a variety ofheteroatoms, which can lead to interesting effects. Aims. To investigate thedoping of interstellar a-C:H grains with, principally, Si, O, N and S atomswithin the astrophysical context. Methods. A search of the literature on dopeda-C:H reveals a number of interesting phenomena of relevance to astrophysics.Results. X dopants in a-C:H:X materials can affect the sp3/sp2 ratio (X = Si, Oand N), lead to blue photoluminescence (undoped or X = N), induceferromagnetic-like behaviour (X = N and S) or simply be incorporated (depleted)into the structure (X = Si, O, N and S). Si and N atoms could also incorporateinto fullerenes, possibly forming colour-centres that could mimic diffuseinterstellar bands. Conclusions. Doped a-C:H grains could explain severaldust-related conundrums, such as: 'volatile' Si in photo-dissociation regions,S and N depletion in molecular clouds, blue luminescence, some diffuseinterstellar bands and ferromagnetism in carbonaceous grains.

astronomy and astrophysics

Heteroatom-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbons, a-C:H:X 'Volatile'  silicon, sulphur and nitrogen depletion, blue photoluminescence, diffuse  interstellar bands and ferro-magnetic carbon grain connections (Research  Note)