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It is often argued that young stellar clusters suffer a significant infantmortality that is partly related to the expulsion of dust and gas in theirearly phases caused by radiation pressure from hot stars and supernovae.Near-infrared (J-K)-Mk diagrams of young stellar clusters in nearby spiralgalaxies show a bi-modal distribution that is consistent with a fast decline oftheir intrinsic extinction at an early epoch.  The distinct features in the color-magnitude diagrams (CMD) and the fastchange of colors for the youngest clusters allow us to place constraints ontheir early evolutionary phases, including the time scale for the decreasingextinction caused for instance by gas and dust expulsion.  Monte Carlo simulations of cluster populations were performed using thepower-law distribution function g(M, t) ~ M^a t^gam. Integrated colors werecomputed from Starburst99 models. The simulated near-infrared CMD were comparedwith those observed for six grand-design, spiral galaxies using statisticalgoodness-of-fit tests.  The CMDs indicate a significant mortality of young, massive clusters with gam= -1.4 +-0.5. High initial extinction Av = 8-11m and strong nebular emissionare required to reproduce the bi-modal color distributions of the clusters. Anextended star formation phase of longer than 5 Myr is suggested. The reductionof the internal extinction of the clusters starts during their active starformation and lasts for a period of 5-10 Myr.

Mortality and dust expulsion in early phases of stellar clusters. Evidence from NIR photometry of nearby, spiral galaxies