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We present first results on PLCK G266.6-27.3, a galaxy cluster candidatedetected at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 in the Planck All Sky survey. AnXMM-Newton validation observation has allowed us to confirm that the candidateis a bona fide galaxy cluster. With these X-ray data we measure an accurateredshift, z = 0.94 +/- 0.02, and estimate the cluster mass to be M_500 = (7.8+/- 0.8)e+14 solar masses. PLCK G266.6-27.3 is an exceptional system: itsluminosity of L_X(0.5-2.0 keV)=(1.4 +/- 0.05)e+45 erg/s, equals that of the twomost luminous known clusters in the z > 0.5 universe, and it is one of the mostmassive clusters at z~1. Moreover, unlike the majority of high-redshiftclusters, PLCK G266.6-27.3 appears to be highly relaxed. This observationconfirms Planck's capability of detecting high-redshift, high-mass clusters,and opens the way to the systematic study of population evolution in theexponential tail of the mass function.

astronomy and astrophysics

Planck Early Results XXVI: Detection with Planck and confirmation by  XMM-Newton of PLCK G266.6-27.3, an exceptionally X-ray luminous and massive  galaxy cluster at z~1