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We have selected the Galactic HII region M43, a close-by apparently sphericalnebula ionized by a single star (HD37061) to investigate several topics ofrecent interest in the field of HII regions and massive stars. In a series oftwo papers we perform a combined, comprehensive study of the nebula and itsionizing star by using as many observational constraints as possible. Wecollected for this study a set of high-quality observations, including theoptical spectrum of HD37061, along with nebular optical imaging and long-slitspatially resolved spectroscopy. The first part of our study comprises aquantitative spectroscopic analysis of the ionizing star, and the empiricalanalysis of the nebular images and spectroscopy. We determine the stellarparameters of HD37061 and the total number of ionizing photons emitted by thestar. We find observational evidence of the presence of scattered light fromthe Huygens region (brightest part of the Orion nebula) in the M43 region. Weshow the importance of an adequate correction of this scattered light from theimagery and spectroscopic observations of M43 for a proper determination of thetotal nebular H_alpha luminosity, the nebular physical conditions and chemicalabundances. We perform a detailed nebular empirical analysis of 9 aperturesextracted from a long-slit located to the west of HD37061, obtaining thespatial distribution of the physical conditions and ionic abundances. For threeof the analyzed elements (O, S, and N) we could determine total abundancesdirectly from observable ions (no ionization correction factors were needed).The comparison of these abundances with those derived from the spectrum of theOrion nebula indicates the importance of the atomic data and, specially in thecase of M\,42, the considered ionization correction factors.

A global study of the HII region M43 and its ionizing star (I. Stellar parameters and nebular empirical analysis)