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In this work we present chromospheric activity indices, kinematics,radial-velocities and rotational velocities for more than 850 FGK-type dwarfsand subgiant stars in the southern hemisphere and test how best to calibrateand measure S-indices from echelle spectra. We confirm the bimodal distributionof chromospheric activities for such stars and highlight the role that the moreactive K-dwarfs play in biasing the number of active stars. We show that theage-activity relationship does appear to continue to ages older than the Sun ifwe simply compare main sequence stars and subgiant stars, with an offset ofaround 2.5 Gyrs between the peaks of both distributions. Also we show evidencefor an increased spin-down timescale for cool K dwarfs compared with earlier Fand G type stars. In addition, we show how kinematics can be used to preselectinactive stars for future planet search projects. We see the well known trendbetween projected rotational velocity and activity, however we also find acorrelation between kinematic space velocity and chromospheric activity. Itappears that after the Vaughan-Preston gap there is a quick step function inthe kinematic space motion towards a significantly larger spread in velocities.We speculate on reasons for this correlation and provide some model scenariosto describe the bimodal activity distribution through magnetic saturation,residual low level gas accretion or accretion by the star of planets orplanetesimals. Finally, we provide a new empirical measurement for the diskheating law, using the latest age-activity relationships to reconstruct theage-velocity distribution for local disk stars. We find a value of0.337+/-0.045 for the exponent of this power law (i.e. sigma_tot proportionalto t^0.337), in excellent agreement with those found using isochrone fittingmethods and with theoretical disk heating models. [Abridged]

Chromospheric Activities and Kinematics for Solar Type Dwarfs and Subgiants: Analysis of the Activity Distribution and the AVR