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Parallax measurements of pulsars allow for accurate measurements of theinterstellar electron density and contribute to accurate tests of generalrelativity using binary systems. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be anideal instrument for measuring the parallax of pulsars, because it has a veryhigh sensitivity, as well as baselines extending up to several thousands ofkilometres. We performed simulations to estimate the number of pulsars forwhich the parallax can be measured with the SKA and the distance to which aparallax can be measured. We compare two different methods. The first methodmeasures the parallax directly by utilising the long baselines of the SKA toform high angular resolution images. The second method uses the arrival timesof the radio signals of pulsars to fit a transformation between timecoordinates in the terrestrial frame and the comoving pulsar frame directlyyielding the parallax. We find that with the first method a parallax with anaccuracy of 20% or less can be measured up to a maximum distance of 13 kpc,which would include 9,000 pulsars. By timing pulsars with the most stablearrival times for the radio emission, parallaxes can be measured for about3,600 millisecond pulsars up to a distance of 9 kpc with an accuracy of 20%.

Prospects for accurate distance measurements of pulsars with the SKA: enabling fundamental physics