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This paper presents a detailed comparison between high-redshift observationsfrom the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) and predictions from the Munichsemi-analytical model of galaxy formation. In particular, we focus thisanalysis on the magnitude, redshift, and colour distributions of galaxies, aswell as their clustering properties. We constructed 100 quasi-independent mockcatalogues, using the output of the semi-analytical model presented in De Lucia& Blaizot (2007).We then applied the same observational selection function ofthe VVDS-Deep survey, so as to carry out a fair comparison between models andobservations. We find that the semi-analytical model reproduces well themagnitude counts in the optical bands. It tends, however, to overpredict theabundance of faint red galaxies, in particular in the i' and z' bands. Modelgalaxies exhibit a colour bimodality that is only in qualitative agreement withthe data. In particular, we find that the model tends to overpredict the numberof red galaxies at low redshift and of blue galaxies at all redshifts probed byVVDS-Deep observations, although a large fraction of the bluest observedgalaxies is absent from the model. In addition, the model overpredicts by about14 per cent the number of galaxies observed at 0.2<z<1 with I_AB<24. Whencomparing the galaxy clustering properties, we find that model galaxies aremore strongly clustered than observed ones at all redshift from z=0.2 to z=2,with the difference being less significant above z~1. When splitting thesamples into red and blue galaxies, we find that the observed clustering ofblue galaxies is well reproduced by the model, while red model galaxies aremuch more clustered than observed ones, being principally responsible for thestrong global clustering found in the model. [abridged]

astronomy and astrophysics

Comparison of the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey with the Munich semi-analytical  model - I. Magnitude counts, redshift distribution, colour bimodality, and  galaxy clustering