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The Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) on-board the ESA Planck satellite carrieseleven radiometer subsystems, called Radiometer Chain Assemblies (RCAs), eachcomposed of a pair of pseudo-correlation receivers. We describe the on-groundcalibration campaign performed to qualify the flight model RCAs and to measuretheir pre-launch performances. Each RCA was calibrated in a dedicatedflight-like cryogenic environment with the radiometer front-end cooled to 20Kand the back-end at 300K, and with an external input load cooled to 4K. Amatched load simulating a blackbody at different temperatures was placed infront of the sky horn to derive basic radiometer properties such as noisetemperature, gain, and noise performance, e.g. 1/f noise. The spectral responseof each detector was measured as was their susceptibility to thermal variation.All eleven LFI RCAs were calibrated. Instrumental parameters measured in thesetests, such as noise temperature, bandwidth, radiometer isolation, andlinearity, provide essential inputs to the Planck-LFI data analysis.

Planck pre-launch status: calibration of the Low Frequency Instrument flight model radiometers