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TMR-1 (IRAS~04361+2547) is a class~I proto-stellar source located in thenearby Taurus star-forming region. Its circumstellar environment ischaracterized by extended dust emission with complex structures and conspicuousfilaments. A faint companion, called TMR-1C, located near the proto-star hadbeen detected in previous studies, but its nature as a very young substellarobject remained inconclusive. To improve the constraints on the nature ofTMR-1C, and to investigate the process of very low-mass star formation in theTMR-1 system we use very sensitive infrared imaging observations as well as NIRspectroscopy. We construct the SED of TMR-1C over a much larger wavelengthrange as had been possible in previous work and compare it with models ofextincted background stars, young sub-stellar objects, and very low-mass starswith circumstellar disk and envelope emission. We also search for additionallow-luminosity objects in the immediate environment of the TMR-1, study thesurrounding NIR dust morphology, and analyse the emission line spectrum of afilamentary structure in the physical context of a bow-shock model. We findthat the observed SED of TMR-1C is inconsistent with an extincted backgroundstar, nor can be fitted with available models for a young extremely low-mass(<12M_Jup) object. Our near-IR spectrum indicates an effective temperature ofat least ~3000K. Based on a good match of TMR-1C's SED with radiation transfermodels of young stellar objects with circumstellar disks, we propose thatTMR-1C is most likely a very low-mass star with M~0.1-0.2M_sun surrounded by acircumstellar disk with high inclination, i>80deg. Moreover, we detect anadditional very faint source, which we call TMR-1D, and that shows a quitestriking symmetry in position with TMR-1C. TMR-1C and TMR-1D may have beenformed from a common triggered star-formation event, caused by... (abstractabridged)

The circumstellar environment of the YSO TMR-1 and a revisit to the candidate very low-mass object TMR-1C