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Environmental effects have an important influence on cluster galaxies, butstudies at very faint magnitudes (R>21) are almost exclusively based onimaging. We present here a very deep spectroscopic survey of galaxies on theline of sight to Coma, based on redshifts obtained with VLT/VIMOS for 715galaxies in the unprecedented magnitude range 21<R<23 (absolute magnitude -14to -12). We confirm the substructures previously identified in Coma by Adami etal. (2005a), and identify three new ones. We detect many groups behind Coma: alarge structure at z~0.5, the SDSS Great Wall, and a large and very youngstructure at z~0.054. These structures account for the mass maps derived from arecent weak lensing analysis by Gavazzi et al. (2009). The orbits of dwarfgalaxies are probably anisotropic and radial, and could originate from fieldgalaxies radially falling into the cluster. Spectral characteristics of Comadwarf galaxies show that red or absorption line galaxies have larger stellarmasses and are older than blue or emission line galaxies. R<22 galaxies showless prominent absorption lines than R>22 galaxies. This trend is less clearfor field galaxies, suggesting that part of the faint Coma galaxies could havebeen recently injected from the field following the NGC 4911 group infall. Wepresent a list of five Ultra Compact Dwarf galaxy candidates. We also globallyconfirm spectroscopically our previous results on the galaxy luminosityfunctions and find that dwarf galaxies follow a red sequence similar to thatdrawn by bright galaxies. Dwarf galaxies are very abundant in Coma, and arepartly field galaxies that have fallen onto the cluster along filaments.

Very deep spectroscopy of the Coma cluster line of sight: exploring new territories