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We analyze and model total solar irradiance variability on time scales fromminutes to months, excluding variations due to p-mode oscillations, using acombination of convective and magnetic components. These include granulation,the magnetic network, faculae and sunspots. Analysis of VIRGO data shows thaton periods of a day or longer solar variability depends on magnetic activity,but is nearly independent at shorter periods. We assume that only granulationaffects the solar irradiance variability on time scales from minutes to hours.Granulation is described as a large sample of bright cells and dark lanes thatevolve according to rules deduced from observations and radiation hydrodynamicsimulations. Comparison of this model combined with a high time resolutionmagnetic-field based irradiance reconstruction, with solar data reveals a goodcorrespondence except at periods of 10 to 30 hours. This suggests that themodel is missing some power at these periods, which may be due to the absenceof supergranulation or insufficient sensitivity of MDI magnetograms used forthe reconstruction of the magnetic field-based irradiance reconstructions. Ourmodel also shows that even for spatially unresolved data (such as thoseavailable for stars) the Fourier or wavelet transform of time series sampled athigh cadence may allow properties of stellar granulation, in particular granulelifetimes to be determined.

Modelling solar irradiance variability on time scales from minutes to months