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Methods. We analyse two observations taken with the Low Energy TransmissionGrating Spectrometer of Chandra. We investigated the spectral response to asudden flux decrease by a factor of 5, which occurred during the secondobservation. Results. We detect a highly ionised absorption component with anoutflow velocity of -4670 km/s, one of the highest outflow velocity componentsobserved in a Seyfert 1 galaxy. The spectra contain a relativistic O VIII Lyalpha line, and four absorption components spanning a range in ionisationparameter xi between 0.07 and 3.19. An emission component producing radiativerecombination continua of C VI and C V appears during the low state. The blackbody temperature decreases with the drop in flux observed in the secondobservation. Conclusions. For all absorber components we exclude that theionisation parameter linearly responded to the decrease in flux by a factor of5. The variability of the absorber suggest that at least three out of fourdetected components are located in the range 0.02-1 pc. ABRIDGED

High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the low and high states of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 with Chandra LETGS