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Centimeter and meter sized solid particles in protoplanetary disks aretrapped within long lived high pressure regions, creating opportunities forcollapse into planetesimals and planetary embryos. We study the accumulationsin the stable Lagrangian points of a giant planet, as well as in the Rossbyvortices launched at the edges of the gap it carves. We employ the Pencil Code,tracing the solids with a large number of interacting Lagrangian particles,usually 100,000. For particles of 1 cm to 10 cm radii, gravitational collapseoccurs in the Lagrangian points in less than 200 orbits. For 5 cm particles, a2 Earth mass planet is formed. For 10 cm, the final maximum collapsed mass isaround 3 Earth masses. The collapse of the 1 cm particles is indirect,following the timescale of depletion of gas from the tadpole orbits. In theedges of the gap vortices are excited, trapping preferentially particles of 30cm radii. The rocky planet that is formed is as massive as 17 Earth masses,constituting a Super-Earth. By using multiple particle species, we find thatgas drag modifies the streamlines in the tadpole region around the classical L4and L5 points. As a result, particles of different radii have their stablepoints shifted to different locations. Collapse therefore takes longer andproduces planets of lower mass. Three super-Earths are formed in the vortices,the most massive having 4.4 Earth masses. We conclude that a Jupiter massplanet can induce the formation of other planetary embryos in the outer edge ofits gas gap. Trojan Earth mass planets are readily formed, and although notexisting in the solar system, might be common in the exoplanetary zoo.

Standing on the shoulders of giants: Trojan Earths and vortex trapping in low mass self-gravitating protoplanetary disks of gas and solids