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Context. The CoRoT space mission routinely provides high-precisionphotometric measurements of thousands of stars that have been continuouslyobserved for months.  Aims. The discovery and characterization of the first very massive transitingplanetary companion with a short orbital period is reported.  Methods. A series of 34 transits was detected in the CoRoT light curve of anF3V star, observed from May to October 2007 for 152 days. The radius wasaccurately determined and the mass derived for this new transiting, thanks tothe combined analysis of the light curve and complementary ground-basedobservations: high-precision radial-velocity measurements, on-off photometry,and high signal-to-noise spectroscopic observations.  Results. CoRoT-Exo-3b has a radius of 1.01+-0.07 RJup and transits around itsF3-type primary every 4.26 days in a synchronous orbit. Its mass of 21.66+-1.0MJup, density of 26.4+-5.6 g cm^-3, and surface gravity of log g = 4.72 clearlydistinguish it from the regular close-in planet population, making it the mostintriguing transiting substellar object discovered so far.  Conclusions. With the current data, the nature of CoRoT-Exo-3b is ambiguous,as it could either be a low-mass brown-dwarf or a member of a new class of"superplanets". Its discovery may help constrain the evolution of close-inplanets and brown-dwarfs better. Finally, CoRoT-Exo-3b confirms the trend thatmassive transiting giant planets (M >= 4 MJup) are found preferentially aroundmore massive stars than the Sun.

Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission VI. CoRoT-Exo-3b: The first secure inhabitant of the brown-dwarf desert