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About half of the baryons in the local Universe are invisible and - accordingto simulations - their dominant fraction resides in filaments connectingclusters of galaxies in the form of low density gas with temperatures in therange of 10^5<T<10^7 K. The existence of this warm-hot intergalactic medium wasnever unambiguously proven observationally in X-rays. We probe the low gasdensities expected in the large scale structure filaments by observing afilament connecting the massive clusters of galaxies A 222 and A 223 (z=0.21)which has a favorable orientation approximately along our line of sight. Thisfilament has been previously detected using weak lensing data and as anover-density of colour selected galaxies. We analyse X-ray images and spectraobtained in a deep observation (144 ks) of A 222/223 with XMM-Newton. Wepresent here observational evidence of the X-ray emission from the filamentconnecting the two clusters. We detect the filament in the wavelet decomposedsoft band (0.5-2.0 keV) X-ray image with a 5 sigma significance. Following theemission down to 3 sigma significance, the observed filament is approximately1.2 Mpc wide. The temperature of the gas associated with the filamentdetermined from the spectra is kT=0.91\pm0.25 keV and its emission measurecorresponds to a baryon density of (3.4\pm1.3)x10^-5 (l/15Mpc)^-1/2 cm^-3,where l is the length of the filament along the line of sight. This densitycorresponds to a baryon over-density of approximately 150. The properties ofthe gas in the filament are consistent with the results of simulations for thedensest and hottest parts of the warm-hot intergalactic medium.

Detection of hot gas in the filament connecting the clusters of galaxies Abell 222 and Abell 223