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We present a detailed analysis of the overdensity of X-ray sources colse tothe 3C 295 galaxy cluster (z=0.46) to assess whether it is associated with afilament of the large-scale structure of the Universe. We obtained opticalspectra of the optical counterparts of eleven sources associated with thefilament, finding that one is at z=0.474. This is a type 1 AGN at 1.5 arcminfrom the cluster center. We found three more sources with a redshift in therange 0.37 - 0.53. We extracted the stacked X-ray spectrum of 47 X-ray sourcesbelonging to the putative filament. We found a significant narrow (at theresolution of the Chandra ACIS-I) line at E ~ 4.4 keV, the energy of the ironKalpha line at the redshift of the cluster. The detection of this line isconfirmed at a confidence level of better than 3sigma and its energy isconstrained to be in the range 6.2--6.47 (at a 90% confidence level), excludingan identification with the 6.7 helium-like iron line from the hot cluster ICMat better than 4 sigma. We conclude that the detection of the redshifted lineis a strong indication that at least several of the excess sources lie at z ~0.46 and that AGNs are efficient tracers of the ``filament'' connected with thecentral cluster of galaxies.

The candidate filament close to the 3C295 galaxy cluster: optical and X-ray spectroscopy