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Phase self-calibration (or selfcal) is an algorithm often used in thecalibration of interferometric observations in astronomy. Although a powerfultool, this algorithm presents strong limitations when applied to data with alow signal-to-noise ratio. We analyze the artifacts that the phase selfcalalgorithm produces when applied to extremely noisy data. We show how the phaseselfcal may generate a spurious source in the sky from a distribution ofcompletely random visibilities. This spurious source is indistinguishable froma real one. We numerically and analytically compute the relationship betweenthe maximum spurious flux density generated by selfcal from noise and theparticulars of the interferometric observations. Finally, we present two simpletests that can be applied to interferometric data for checking whether a sourcedetection is real or whether the source is an artifact of the phaseself-calibration algorithm.

Spurious source generation in mapping from noisy phase-self-calibrated data