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We present prompt gamma-ray, early NIR/optical, late optical and X-rayobservations of the peculiar GRB 070311 discovered by INTEGRAL, in order togain clues on the mechanisms responsible for the prompt gamma-ray pulse as wellas for the early and late multi-band afterglow of GRB 070311. We fitted withempirical functions the gamma-ray and optical light curves and scaled theresult to the late time X-rays. The H-band light curve taken by REM shows twopulses peaking 80 and 140 s after the peak of the gamma-ray burst and possiblyaccompanied by a faint gamma-ray tail. Remarkably, the late optical and X-rayafterglow underwent a major rebrightening between 3x10^4 and 2x10^5 s after theburst with an X-ray fluence comparable with that of the prompt emissionextrapolated in the same band. Notably, the time profile of the laterebrightening can be described as the combination of a time-rescaled version ofthe prompt gamma-ray pulse and an underlying power law. This result supports acommon origin for both prompt and late X-ray/optical afterglow rebrightening ofGRB 070311 within the external shock scenario. The main fireball would beresponsible for the prompt emission, while a second shell would produce therebrightening when impacting the leading blastwave in a refreshed shock(abridged).

GRB 070311: a direct link between the prompt emission and the afterglow