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We present a detailed optical analysis of the galaxy cluster A2163 based onnew multicolor wide field imaging and medium-to-high resolution (R~2000)spectroscopy. While X-ray observations have revealed that merging processes arepresent in this cluster, the merging scenario is complex and not well-defined.We undertook a complementary optical analysis, aiming to understand thedynamics of the system, to add constraints to the merging scenario and to testits effect on the properties of galaxies. We provide a spectroscopic catalog of512 new objects, where 361 galaxies are identified as cluster members. Wederived estimates of the mean redshift and velocity dispersion: z= 0.2005 +/-0.0003 and 1434 +/- 60 km/s, and performed a detailed dynamical analysis ofunprecedented accuracy. We detected multiple evidences of merging events: i)strong subclustering in the galaxy density distribution, showing a main centralcomponent A2163-A, a northern one A2163-B, visible both in optical and inX-ray, and other substructures detected in optical, ii) bimodality in thedensity distribution for A2163-A, strong segregation between gaz and galaxies,and between galaxies of different luminosities, iii) low-density structuresoriented along specific axes: mainly the EW direction, and the NS one,embedding the main substructures, iv) bimodality in the velocity distributionand a velocity gradient (~1250 km/s) along the NE/SW axis of the cluster. A2163is exceptionally massive, with Mvir = 3.8 +/- 0.4 10**15 Msol/h70. Our analysissupports a scenario in which A2163-A has undergone a recent (t ~ 0.5 Gyr)merger along a a NE/SW (or E--W) axis, and A2163-B is connected to the maincomplex, probably infalling on A2163-A. (abridged)

A2163: Merger events in the hottest Abell galaxy cluster I. Dynamical analysis from optical data