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The largest uncertainty for cosmological studies using clusters of galaxiesis introduced by our limited knowledge of the statistics of galaxy clusterstructure, and of the scaling relations between observables and cluster mass.To improve on this situation we have started an XMM-Newton Large Programme forthe in-depth study of a representative sample of 33 galaxy clusters, selectedin the redshift range z=0.055 to 0.183 from the REFLEX Cluster Survey, havingX-ray luminosities above 0.4 X 10^44 h_70^-2 erg s^-1 in the 0.1 - 2.4 keVband. This paper introduces the sample, compiles properties of the clusters,and provides detailed information on the sample selection function. We describethe selection of a nearby galaxy cluster sample that makes optimal use of theXMM-Newton field-of-view, and provides nearly homogeneous X-ray luminositycoverage for the full range from poor clusters to the most massive objects inthe Universe. For the clusters in the sample, X-ray fluxes are derived andcompared to the previously obtained fluxes from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Wefind that the fluxes and the flux errors have been reliably determined in theROSAT All-Sky Survey analysis used for the REFLEX Survey. We use the sampleselection function documented in detail in this paper to determine the X-rayluminosity function, and compare it with the luminosity function of the entireREFLEX sample. We also discuss morphological peculiarities of some of thesample members. The sample and some of the background data given in thisintroductory paper will be important for the application of these data in thedetailed studies of cluster structure, to appear in forthcoming publications.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures; to appear in A&A. A pdf version with  full-quality figures can be found at  ftp://ftp.xray.mpe.mpg.de/people/gwp/xmmlp/xmmlp.pd

The representative XMM-Newton cluster structure survey (REXCESS) of an X-ray luminosity selected galaxy cluster sample