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The recent discovery of two large trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) 2003 UB313and 2005 FY9, with surface properties similar to those of Pluto, provides anexciting new laboratory for the study of processes considered for Pluto andTriton: volatile mixing and transport; atmospheric freeze-out and escape, icechemistry, and nitrogen phase transitions. We studied the surface compositionof TNO 2003 UB313, the first known TNO larger than Pluto. We report a visiblespectrum covering the 0.35-0.95 microns spectral range, obtained with the 4.2mWilliam Herschel Telescope at "El Roque de los Muchachos" Observatory (LaPalma, Spain). The visible spectrum of this TNO presents very prominentabsorpt- ions bands formed in solid CH4. At wavelengths shorter than 0.6 micronthe spectrum is almost featureless and slightly red (S'=4%). The icy-CH4 bandsare significantly stronger than those of Pluto and slightly weaker than thoseobserved in the spectrum of another giant TNO, 2005 FY9, implying that methaneis more abundant on its surface than in Pluto's and close to that of thesurface of 2005 FY9. A shift of 15 +/-3 A relative to the position of the bandsof the spectrum of laboratory CH4 ice is observed in the bands at largerwavelengths (e.g. around 0.89 microns), but not at shorter wavelengths (theband around 0.73 microns is not shifted) this may be evidence for a verticalcompositional gradient. Purer methane could have condensed first while 2003UB313 moved towards aphelion during the last 200 years, and as the atmospheregradually collapsed, the composition became more nitrogen-rich as the last,most volatile components condensed, and CH4 diluted in N2 is present in theouter surface layers.Comment: Accepted in A&

Visible spectroscopy of 2003 UB313: evidence for N2 ice on the surface of the largest TNO?

Visible spectroscopy of 2003 UB₃₁₃: evidence for N₂ ice on the surface of the largest TNO?