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(abridged:) The XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud(XEST) surveys the most populated ~5 square degrees of the Taurus starformation region, using the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory to study the thermalstructure, variability, and long-term evolution of hot plasma, to investigatethe magnetic dynamo, and to search for new potential members of theassociation. Many targets are also studied in the optical, and high-resolutionX-ray grating spectroscopy has been obtained for selected bright sources. TheX-ray spectra have been coherently analyzed with two different thermal models(2-component thermal model, and a continuous emission measure distributionmodel). We present overall correlations with fundamental stellar parametersthat were derived from the previous literature. A few detections from Chandraobservations have been added. The present overview paper introduces the projectand provides the basic results from the X-ray analysis of all sources detectedin the XEST survey.Comprehensive tables summarize the stellar properties of alltargets surveyed. The survey goes deeper than previous X-ray surveys of Taurusby about an order of magnitude and for the first time systematically accessesvery faint and strongly absorbed TMC objects. We find a detection rate of 85%and 98% for classical and weak-line T Tau stars (CTTS resp. WTTS), and identifyabout half of the surveyed protostars and brown dwarfs. Overall, 136 out of 169surveyed stellar systems are detected. We describe an X-ray luminosity vs. masscorrelation, discuss the distribution of X-ray-to-bolometric luminosity ratios,and show evidence for lower X-ray luminosities in CTTS compared to WTTS.Detailed analysis (e.g., variability, rotation-activity relations, influence ofaccretion on X-rays) will be discussed in a series of accompanying papers.

The XMM-Newton extended survey of the Taurus molecular cloud (XEST)