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(Abridged) We investigate the effects of metallicity on the broad-bandphotometric colors of late-type giants, and make a comparison of syntheticcolors with observed photometric properties of late-type giants over a widerange of effective temperatures (T_eff=3500-4800 K) and gravities (logg=0.0-2.5), at [M/H]=-1.0 and -2.0. The influence of metallicity on thesynthetic photometric colors is generally small at effective temperatures above\~3800 K, but the effects grow larger at lower T_eff, due to the changingefficiency of molecule formation which reduces molecular opacities at lower[M/H]. To make a detailed comparison of the synthetic and observed photometriccolors of late type giants in the T_eff--color and color--color planes, wederive a set of new T_eff--log g--color relations based on syntheticphotometric colors, at [M/H]=-0.5, -1.0, -1.5, and -2.0. While differencesbetween the new T_eff--color relations and those available from the literatureare typically well within ~100 K, effective temperatures predicted by thescales based on synthetic colors tend to be slightly higher than thoseresulting from the T_eff--color relations based on observations, with theoffsets up to ~100 K. This is clearly seen both at [M/H]=-1.0 and -2.0,especially in the T_eff--(B-V) and T_eff--(V-K) planes. The consistency betweenT_eff--log g--color scales based on synthetic colors calculated with differentstellar atmosphere codes is very good, with typical differences being wellwithin \Delta T_eff~70 K at [M/H]=-1.0 and \Delta T_eff~40 K at [M/H]=-2.0.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, A&A accepte

Broad-band photometric colors and effective temperature calibrations for late-type giants