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We present the results from the high resolution Chandra observation of theCartwheel galaxy. Many individual sources are resolved in the image, mostlyassociated with the outer ring. All detected sources have a very high X-rayluminosity ($\geq 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$)that classifies them as Ultra LuminousX-ray sources (ULX). The brightest of them is possibly the most luminousindividual non-nuclear source observed so far, with L$_X \sim 10^{41}$ ergs$^{-1}$ (at D=122 Mpc). The spatial extent of this source is consistent with apoint source at the Chandra resolution. The luminosity function of individualX-ray sources extends about an order of magnitude higher than previouslyreported in other galaxies. We discuss this in the context of the "universal"luminosity function for High Mass X-ray Binaries and we derive a Star FormationRate higher than in other starburst galaxies studied so far. A diffusecomponent, associated with hot gas, is present. However, deeper observationsthat we will obtain with XMM-Newton are needed to constrain its properties.Comment: 14 pages; accepted for publication in A&

A thorough study of the intriguing X-ray emission from the Cartwheel ring