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We compare performances of ground-based single-mode and multimode (speckle)interferometers in the presence of partial Adaptive Optics correction ofatmospheric turbulence. It is first shown that for compact sources (i.e.sources smaller than the Airy disk of a single telescope) not entirely resolvedby the interferometer, the remarkable property of spatial filtering ofsingle-mode waveguides coupled with AO correction significantly reduces thespeckle noise which arises from residual wavefront corrugations. Focusing onthose sources, and in the light of the AMBER experiment (the near infraredinstrument of the VLTI), we show that single-mode interferometry produces abetter Signal-to-Noise Ratio on the visibility than speckle interferometry.This is true for bright sources (K < 5), and in any case as soon as Strehlratio of 0.2 is achieved. Finally, the fiber estimator is much more robust --by two orders of magnitude -- than the speckle estimator with respect to Strehlratio variations during the calibration procedure. The present analysistheoretically explains why interferometry with fibers can produce visibilitymeasurements with a very high precision, 1% or lessComment: 13 pages (5 pages of appendices), 6 figures to be published in A&

Single-mode versus multimode interferometry: A performance study