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We report observations of the low-luminosity z = 5.50 quasar RDJ030117+002025 (RD0301 hereafter) at 250 GHz (1.20mm) using the Max-PlanckMillimeter Bolometer (MAMBO) array at the IRAM 30-meter telescope. The quasarwas detected with a 1.2mm flux density of 0.87 +-0.20 mJy. The lack ofdetectable 1.4 GHz radio emission indicates that the millimeter emission is ofthermal nature, making RD0301 the most distant dust-emission source known. Whenmatching a 50K grey body thermal far-infrared (FIR) spectrum to the observedmillimeter flux we imply a FIR luminosity ~4x10^12 L_sun, which is comparableto the quasar's optical luminosity. If the FIR luminosity arises from massivestar formation, the implied star formation rate would be ~600 M_sun/yr,comparable to that of the starburst galaxies which dominate the average starformation and FIR emission in the early Universe. The FIR luminosity of RD0301is close to the average of that found in optically far more luminoushigh-redshift quasars. The comparably high millimeter to optical brightnessratio of RD0301 is further evidence for that there is no strong correlationbetween the optical and millimeter brightness of high-redshift quasars,supporting the idea that in high-redshift quasars the dust is not heated by theAGN, but by starbursts.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics Letter

Dust emission and star formation toward a redshift 5.5 QSO