Open AccessA proteostasis network safeguards the chloroplast proteome
Author(s) -
Ernesto Llamas,
Pablo Pulido
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
essays in biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.351
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1744-1358
pISSN - 0071-1365
DOI - 10.1042/ebc20210058
Subject(s) - proteostasis , chloroplast , proteome , biology , organelle , microbiology and biotechnology , protein folding , folding (dsp implementation) , computational biology , biochemistry , gene , engineering , electrical engineering
Several protein homeostasis (proteostasis) pathways safeguard the integrity of thousands of proteins that localize in plant chloroplasts, the indispensable organelles that perform photosynthesis, produce metabolites, and sense environmental stimuli. In this review, we discuss the latest efforts directed to define the molecular process by which proteins are imported and sorted into the chloroplast. Moreover, we describe the recently elucidated protein folding and degradation pathways that modulate the levels and activities of chloroplast proteins. We also discuss the links between the accumulation of misfolded proteins and the activation of signalling pathways that cope with folding stress within the organelle. Finally, we propose new research directions that would help to elucidate novel molecular mechanisms to maintain chloroplast proteostasis.