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The plasma triacylglycerol-decreasing effect of fish-oil fatty acids was studied in vitro by using the rapidly growing cultured rat hepatoma cell line McA-RH7777. Cells were exposed to albumin-complexed eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3; EPA), to oleic acid (C18:1n-9; OA), or to albumin alone. Cell growth was similar in albumin- and OA-supplemented cultures, but EPA treatment inhibited growth. As estimated by [14C]glycerol incorporation, OA stimulated both net triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion over control levels in a dose-dependent manner. EPA stimulated triacylglycerol synthesis in similar fashion to OA, but paradoxically decreased net triacylglycerol secretion and led to exaggerated intracellular accumulation of radiolabelled triacylglycerol. The EPA and OA effects were additive at low concentrations of total fatty acid, but at higher fatty acid concentrations OA appeared to negate some effects of EPA. Chemical analysis of albumin- and OA-treated cultures revealed OA-dominant profiles for both cellular and medium triacylglycerol-associated fatty acids. In contrast, EPA was the principal fatty acid in cellular triacylglycerol of EPA-supplemented cultures, whereas medium triacylglycerol from these cultures contained very little EPA. We conclude that McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells readily synthesize EPA-containing triacylglycerol molecules, but they have variable capacity for secreting them. We consider potential mechanisms to account for the effects of EPA in this system.

Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits cell growth and triacylglycerol secretion in McA-RH7777 rat hepatoma cultures