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The kinetic features of the changes in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, following stimulation by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were analysed in single cells of a pituitary line (GH3B6) by dual excitation microfluorimetry [Tsien, Rink &amp; Poenie (1985) Cell Calcium 6, 145-157], using fura 2 as intracellular Ca2+ probe. Two phases were observed: initially, [Ca2+]i is raised in a single rapid transient to a maximum averaging 8.0 microM, and in a second phase TRH causes a series of rapid [Ca2+]i oscillations with maxima around 1.0 microM, which are probably due to the enhanced firing of action potentials. TRH triggers both phases independently, i.e. it can elicit either the first or the second phase exclusively. This is also the case in those cells in which [Ca2+]i undergoes rhythmic oscillations due to the firing of spontaneous action potentials [Schlegel, Winiger, Mollard, Vacher, Wuarin, Zahnd, Wolheim &amp; Dufy (1987) Nature (London) 329, 719-721]. The sudden onset of the first phase of TRH action on [Ca2+]i shows that Ca2+ mobilization due to enhanced production of inositol phosphate may occur as rapidly as the firing of action potentials, i.e. in the ms time range. Due to a marked response type heterogeneity and to the randomness of the rapid events, previous monitoring of [Ca2+]i in cell populations had misleadingly suggested small and maintained changes due to TRH. It is concluded that stimulatory regulation of secretion is provided by the generation of rapid [Ca2+]i transients, the frequency of which determines secretory rate. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the regulation of [Ca2+]i by hormones and neurotransmitters in pituitary and many other cell types will have to be studied at the single cell level in order to appreciate its role in cell activation.

Rapid transient elevations of cytosolic calcium triggered by thyrotropin releasing hormone in individual cells of the pituitary line GH3B6