English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy and g.c.-m.s. were used to determine the metabolic fate of glutamate carbon in rat kidney. The main purpose was to characterize the effect of chronic metabolic acidosis on the utilization of glutamate carbon. Renal tubules obtained from normal and chronically acidotic rats were incubated in Krebs buffer, pH 7.4, in the presence of 2.5 mM-[3-13C]glutamate. During the course of incubation the concentrations of total glucose and NH3 were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in tissue from acidotic rats. The levels of some tricarboxylic-acid-cycle intermediates were higher (P less than 0.05) in control tissue. In control tissue, 13C-n.m.r. spectra demonstrated a significantly higher rate of 13C appearance of aspartate, glutamine and [2,4-13C]glutamate. However, in acidosis the resonances of [13C]glucose carbon atoms were significantly higher. In the control, approx. 15% of glutamate carbon was accounted for by [13C]glucose formation as against 30% in chronic acidosis. However, in control tissue, 44% of glutamate carbon utilization was accounted for by recycling to glutamate and formation of aspartate, glutamine and GABA. In acidosis, only 11% was so recovered. Analysis of 15NH3 formation during the course of incubation with 2.5 mM-[15N]glutamate demonstrated a positive association between the appearance of [13C]glucose and 15NH3 both in the control and in acidosis. The data suggest that the control of gluconeogenesis and ammoniagenesis in acidosis is, in part, referable to a diminution in the rate of the reductive amination of alpha-oxoglutarate, that of the transamination reaction and that of glutamine synthesis.

Metabolic fate of glutamate carbon in rat renal tubules. Studies with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry