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Free amino acids occur in more than trace amounts in the seeds of many species of plant. The application of chromatographic methods to the analysis of seed extracts has increased our knowledge of their distribution and led to the discovery of a number of new ones (Fowden, 1959). In some species a single amino acid may account for as much as 4% of the dry weight of the seed (Bell, 1958) and this suggests that it may constitute a reserve material for the developing embryo; for example, the concentrations of canavanine in the seeds of Canavalia ersiformi8 (Johnstone, 1956), Colutea arbore8cen. (Tschiersch, 1959) and Medicago 8ativws (Bell, 1960) fall during germination. Surveys made on the distribution of canavanine (Bell, 1958, 1960; Birdsong, Alston & Turner, 1960) have led Birdsong et al. (1960) to conclude that this compound, which is restricted to the Papilionoideae, is of taxonomic significance. The amino acid was not found in all the species or indeed in all the genera of Papilionoideae examined, yet its wide distribution within this subfamily and its apparent absence from all other species of plant appear significant. Commenting on its random distribution within the Papilionoideae Birdsong et al. (1960) state: 'It is not surprising that certain large and diverse genera, such as Vicia, A8tragalus, and Glycine, contain species with canavanine as well as some without it. Complex synthesis requiring several precursors will not be completed if any critical enzyme is missing from the sequence.' If the absence of canavanine from certain species of Papilionoideae is due to the absence of some critical enzyme or enzymes, and if canavanine is important as a source of nitrogen to the germinating seed, then, in those species of Papilionoideae that do not contain canavanine, the relevant precursor or some alternative nitrogen compound may be stored in its place. A preliminary survey of a representative group of canavanine-free species of the Papilionoideae revealed the presence of the new amino acid lathyrine in acidified 50% (v/v) ethanol extracts of the seeds of certain species of Lathyru8. The amino acid (C7H1ON402) which was isolated from Lathyru8

Associations of ninhydrin-reacting compounds in the seeds of 49 species of Lathyrus