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Tomesik & Szongott (1933) obtained a nitrogenous, polysaccharide-free, capsular material from BacillU anthracis which was identified by Ivanovics & Bruckner (1937a, b) as poly-D-glutamic acid. A capsule is formed by virulent strains of B. anthracis and appears to be connected with the aggressive aspect of virulence, that is, with the ability of the pathogen to interfere with the defence mechanisms of the host (for discussion, see Smith & Keppie, 1955). In order to study the connexion of polyglutamic acid with virulence, we have used material produced during growth of the pathogen in vivo when compounds responsible for virulence are necessarily produced. Capsulated organisms were separated from a mixture of plasma and exudate of guinea pigs dying of anthrax (Smith, Keppie & Stanley, 1953). Crude preparations of polyglutamic acid were then obtained from both the organisms and the body fluids (Smith, Zwartouw & HarrisSmith, 1956; Smith & Gallop, 1956). The purification of this polyglutamic acid is described here together with observations on its aggressive activity and structure. Attempts have been made to correlate its biological activity with some physicochemical or structural property. The important structural problem posed by polyglutamic acid is whether the glutamic acid residues are linked by their oc-carboxyl groups (cf. I) or their y-carboxyl groups (cf. II) or both.

Polyglutamic acid from Bacillus anthracis grown in vivo: structure and aggressin activity