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For some years evidence that 2-keto-D-gluconic acid is implicated in a number of biochemical systems, notably in Acetobacter species (Bernhauer & Gorlich, 1935; Kulka & Walker, 1954) and in Pseudomonas species (Lockwood, Tabenkin & Ward, 1941; Norris & Campbell, 1949) has been accumulating. Studies by Warburg & Christian (1937) with red blood cells, by Lipmann (1936) with yeast macerate preparations and by Dickens (1938) with crude enzyme preparations from yeast, afforded substantial evidence for the existence of a pathway for the direct oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate by way of 6-phosphogluconie acid, 2-keto-6-phosphogluconic acid and pentose 5-phosphate. The work of Cohen & Scott (1951) with yeast preparations confirmed this scheme, since they detected the presence of 2-keto-6-phosphogluconate, ribose 5-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in experiments on the oxidation of 6-phosphogluconate. We have recently isolated 2-keto-D-gluconic acid and tartronic acid from a culture of Acetobacter acetosum on a glucose medium (Kulka, Hall & Walker, 1951). Tartronic acid had not been identified previously as a product of bacterial metabolism, although its presence in sugar-refinery liquor had been established by von Lippmann (1913). According to Rieben & Hastings (1946), tartronic acid is formed in various plants. In view of the isolation of this acid from bacterial cultures under conditions which might suggest that it was a decomposition product of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid, we have studied the decomposition of the latter under similar conditions. Our experiments have shown that tartronic acid was definitely formed and probably arabinose and ribulose.

Formation of arabinose, ribulose and tartronic acid from 2-keto-d-gluconic acid