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It is now known that sodium and potassium ions exchange rapidly between cells and body fluids, and that the observed concentration gradients are not due to impermeability of the cell membrane (see reviews by Krogh, 1946; Ussing, 1949). It is also known that the production and maintenance of physiological concentration gradients of sodium and potassium in isolated kidney-cortex slices require respiratory energy (Krebs, Eggleston & Terner, 1951; Mudge, 1951a, b; Aebi, 1953; WAhittam & Davies, 1953b). In order to investigate the relation between the to-and-fro movements of sodium and potassium and the metabolism of this tissue, the turnoverrates of these ions have been measured in several steady-state conditions. A preliminary account of this work has been presented to the Biochemical Society (Whittam & Davies, 1953a).

Relations between metabolism and the rate of turnover of sodium and potassium in guinea pig kidney-cortex slices