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Several types of sulphatases occur in nature. These are distinguished by the nature of the ester group found in the ethereal sulphates which they hydrolyse (Fromageot, 1950). Takadiastase, a commercial preparation of Aspergillus oryzae, possesses arylsulphatase (phenolsulphatase) activity (Neuberg & Kurono, 1923), for it hydrolyses phenolic monoesters of sulphuric acid but has no action on aliphatic sulphuric esters. Others preparations of A. oryzae such as 'Mylase P' (Abbott, 1947) and 'Clarase' (Dzialoszynski, 1947) are also active. Arylsulphatase also occurs in animal tissues, especially liver, and according to Huggins & Smith (1947) rat neoplasms contain significantly higher amounts of the enzyme than normal tissues. Mylase P has been shown to release phenolic oestrogens from their conjugates in pregnant mares' urine in yields 20% higher than those obtained by acid hydrolysis (Cohen & Bates, 1949). The use of sulphatase thus provides a gentle method of hydrolysis for ethereal sulphates where acid hydrolysis might prove destructive. We required sources of arylsulphatase for this purpose, and the present work was undertaken to provide possible methods of assay of arylsulphatase and to obtain information about its activity towards different phenolic sulphuric esters. Recent methods of arylsulphatase assay are those of Abbott (1947) using potassium phenylsulphate with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and of Huggins & Smith (1947) using potassium p-nitrophenylsulphate as substrate (cf. Abbott & East, 1949). In the present work we have compared the action of takadiastase on the alkali salts of o-, mand pnitro-, p-chloro-, p-aldehydo-, 4-hydroxy-2-nitro-, 4-hydroxy-3-nitroand 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenylsulphuric acids. In each case the liberated phenols were estimated in alkaline solution as their anions whose spectra were different from the corresponding undissociated phenols and ethereal sulphates. By this method each phenol could be estimated spectrophotometrically or colorimetrically in the presence of its ethereal sulphate, using a relatively short incubation time in the enzyme experiments. EXPERIMENTAL

Studies in detoxication. 43. A study of the arylsulphatase activity of takadiastase towards some phenolic ethereal sulphates